LibGuides: The Crusades: Maps and Timelines

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Source: Credo

Year	Event
1095	Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade, urging the Christians of Europe to march east to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims
1096	Peter the Hermit, an old monk on a donkey, leads the largest of the popular groups from Germany on the first crusade The German crusade begins with a massacre of Jews in many of the region's cities
1098	After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade
1099	Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants
c. 1109	The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa
1113	The Knights of St John of Jerusalem become an established order under papal protection
1120	The Knights Templar are founded, to protect pilgrims from the Muslims on the journey to Jerusalem
1144	The city of Edessa is captured by Zangi, a Mameluke general, in the first setback for the crusaders in the Middle East The fall of Edessa prompts the pope, Eugenius III, to call for a second crusade to defend the Latin kingdom
1145	A bishop in the crusader territories of the Middle East has news of a fabulously wealthy Christian king, Prester John
1147	Alfonso I takes Lisbon from the Muslims, with the unexpected help of some passing English crusaders The second crusade is led east by two kings, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany
1148	By the time Louis VII and Conrad III reach the Holy Land they have lost more than half their joint armies to Muslim attacks Louis VII and Conrad III do grave harm to the Latin Kingdom by a feeble attack that merely alienates the previously friendly city of Damascus
1187	Saladin destroys the Christian army of the Latin kingdom in a battle below the Horns of Hattin Saladin captures various Crusader fortresses and walled cities, including Acre Saladin takes Jerusalem and treats the Christian inhabitants with a consideration unusual for the time
1190	A year after succeeding to the throne of England, Richard I sets off east as one of the leaders of the third crusade The third crusade suffers an early disaster when its first leader, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, is drowned crossing the Calycadnus river
1191	The Muslim garrison of Acre surrenders to Richard I, who orders the massacre of 2700 of its members The Teutonic Knights are founded to run a hospital in Acre, in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem
1202	The fleet of the fourth crusade departs from Venice - only to be diverted from its purposes by Venetian guile
1204	The crusaders of the fourth crusade besiege, take and destroy the Christian city of Constantinople Venice takes the useful islands of Corfu and Crete as part of the spoils of the fourth crusade
c. 1205	Many of the treasures adorning the church of San Marco in Venice are loot taken from Constantinople during the fourth crusade
1212	Participants in the Children's Crusade suffer disaster after the waters of the Mediterranean fail to part for them
1219	St Francis of Assisi joins a crusading army in Egypt and attempts to convert the sultan Melek-el-Kamel and his followers to Christianity
1228	Frederick II, leader of the sixth crusade, briefly recovers Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiating with the Muslims
1291	In the space of a few months the Muslims take the last four crusader castles, Tyre, Sidon, Acre and finally Beirut
1295	The new Mameluke dynasty in Egypt begins a systematic campaign to drive the Crusaders out of the Middle East
1303	The Knights Templars withdraw from the island of Arwad, the last foothold of the crusaders in the Middle East

Source: Oxford Reference - Timeline: Crusades